Reference strains

Assay of antibiotics (British Pharmacopoeia Commission Biological assay of antibiotics. London, UK:British Pharmacopoeia Commission;British Pharmacopoeia Appendix XIV A, 2003, European Pharmacopoeia Commission Microbiological assay of antibiotics. Strasbourg, France:European Pharmacopoeia Commission;European Pharmacopoeia EP 2.7.2, 1997, U.S. Pharmacopeia General Chapters; <81> Antibiotics-Microbial Assays. Rockville, MD: U.S. Pharmacopeia; USP USP34-NF29, 2011). Validation control, Pharmaceutical and Personal Care (Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments--Biocontamination control--Part 1: General principles and methods. Geneva (Switzerland):International Organization for Standardization/ANSI;ISO ISO 14698-1:2003, Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics --- Quantitative suspension test for the evaluation of bactericidal activity of chemical disinfectants and antiseptics used in food, industrial, domestic and institutional areas --- Test method and requirements (phase 2, step 1). London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN 1276:1997, 1997, Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics. Quantitative suspension test for the evaluation of bactericidal activity of chemical disinfectants for instruments used in the medical area. Test method and requirements (Phase 2/Step 1) . London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN 13727:2003, Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics - Preservation of test organisms used for the determination of bactericidal, sporicidal and fungicidal activity. London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN 12353:2006, Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics --- Quantitative non-porous surface test for the evaluation of bactericidal and/or fungicidal activity of chemical disinfectants used in food, industrial, domestic and institutional areas --- Test method and requirements without mechanical action (phase 2/step 2). London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN 13697:2001, Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics --- Quantitative carrier test for the evaluation of bactericidal activity for instruments used in the medical area --- Test method and requirements (phase 2, step 2). London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN 14561:2006, Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics --- Quantitative surface test for the evaluation of bactericidal activity of chemical disinfectants and antiseptics used in veterinary area on non-porous surfaces without mechanical action --- Test method and requirements (phase 2, step 2). London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard Draft BS EN 14349, 2006, Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics --- Application of European Standards for chemical disinfectants and antiseptics. London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN 14885:2006, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments --- Biocontamination control --- Part 1: General principles and methods. London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN ISO 14698:2003). Media testing (SO/CD 11133:2009, Annex E. Test microorganisms for commonly used culture media (giving information on the culture medium, culture conditions, test microorganisms, culture collection number of test organisms and the expected reactions), Corry, JEL, Curtis, GDW and Baird, RM (Eds) Handbook of Culture Media for Food and Water Microbiology. Royal Society of Chemistry, In preparation. ICFMH-WPCM)

Assay of chlortetracycline, aureomycin (British Pharmacopoeia Commission Biological assay of antibiotics. London, UK: British Pharmacopoeia Commission; British Pharmacopoeia Appendix XIV A, 2003; AOAC International Chlortetracycline HCl in feeds, turbidimetric method. Gaithersburg, MD:AOAC International; AOAC "Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International" 977.37). Assay of demeclocycline, demethylchlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, terramycin, tetracycline (British Pharmacopoeia Commission Biological assay of antibiotics. London, UK: British Pharmacopoeia Commission; British Pharmacopoeia Appendix XIV A, 2003). Assay of tobramycin (European Pharmacopoeia Commission Microbiological assay of antibiotics. Strasbourg, France: European Pharmacopoeia Commission; European Pharmacopoeia EP 2.7.2, 1997), aassay of tylosin (U.S. Pharmacopeia General Chapters; <81> ANTIBIOTICS-MICROBIAL ASSAYS. Rockville, MD: U.S. Pharmacopeia; USP USP28-NF23, 2005; British Pharmacopoeia Commission Biological assay of antibiotics. London, UK: British Pharmacopoeia Commission; British Pharmacopoeia Appendix XIV A, 2003). Water testing (Water microbiology. Method 16: Bactericidal efficiency of water disinfecting tablets. Sydney, NSW, Australia:Standards Australia;Standards Australia AS/NZS 4276.16:1999; Water microbiology. Method 20: Examination for coagulase positive staphylococci, including Staphylococcus aureus, by memebrane filtration. Sydney, NSW, Australia: Standards Australia;Standards Australia AS/NZS 4276.20:2003, Corry, JEL, Curtis, GDW and Baird, RM (Eds) Handbook of Culture Media for Food and Water Microbiology. Royal Society of Chemistry, In preparation. ICFMH-WPCM.). Testing iodophores (Iodophors for use in the dairying industry. Sydney, NSW, Australia:Standards Australia;Standards Australia AS 1398-1998)

Taxonomy (Int J Syst Bacteriol 1984, 34: 336-337; Curr Microbiol 1983, 7: 383-388). Quality control strain (Food microbiology. Method 2.15: Examination for specific organisms--Listeria monocytogenes in dairy products. Sydney, NSW, Australia: Standards Australia;Standards Australia AS/NZS 1766.2.15:1998; Food microbiology. Method 2.16.1:Examination for specific organisms--Food and animal feeding stuffs--Horizontal method for the detection and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes- Detection method. Sydney, NSW, Australia:Standards Australia;Standards Australia AS/NZS 1766.2.16.1:1998; Food microbiology. Method 5: Preparation of culture media, diluents and reagents. Sydney, NSW, Australia:Standards Australia;Standards Australia AS 1766.5-1994)

Media testing (Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs--Guidelines on preparation and production of culture media-- Part 2: Practical guidelines on performance testing of culture media. Geneva (Switzerland):International Organization for Standardization/ANSI;ISO ISO 11133-2:2003. ISO/CD 11133:2009, Annex E. Test microorganisms for commonly used culture media (giving information on the culture medium, culture conditions, test microorganisms, culture collection number of test organisms and the expected reaction). Quality control strain (Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs --- Horizontal method for the detection and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes --- Part 1: Detection method, Annex B [BS 5763-18:1997]. London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN ISO 11290-1:1997)

Vitamin assays (AOAC International Vitamin assays, microbiological method. Gaithersburg, MD:AOAC International; AOAC "Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International" 960.46. AACC Niacin--microbiological method. St. Paul, MN, 1999. Dietary Supplements: Oil-and Water-Soluble Vitamins with Minerals Tablets. Rockville, MD: U.S. Pharmacopeia; USP USP34-NF29, 2011). Lactic acid production (Bartido SM, et al. Lactic acid fermentation of concentrated coconut water. Proc. Asia-Pacific Biotechnol. Congr. 1986: 93-99). Metabolism of mevalonic acid (Durr IF, Shwayri AN. Metabolism of mevalonic acid by Lactobacillus plantarum . J. Bacteriol. 88: 361-366, 1964. PubMed: 14203352)

Taxonomy (Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980, 30 : 225-420. Int J Syst Bacteriol1999, 49 : 1433-1438). Quality Control strain (Water microbiology. Method 14: Salmonellae. Sydney, NSW, Australia:Standards Australia;Standards Australia AS 4276.14-1995. Medizin, D. I. f. N. N., (1997). DIN 58959-7). Containing qnrB-like pseudogene (Atimicrobiol Agents Chemother 2013, 57 (6): 2863-2866)

Assay of antimicrobial preservatives (J Biol Chem 1941, 141: 853; British Pharmacopoeia Commission Efficacy of antimicrobial preservation. London, UK:British Pharmacopoeia Commission, British Pharmacopoeia Appendix XVI C, 2003; European Pharmacopoeia Commission Efficacy of antimicrobial preservation. Strasbourg, France:European Pharmacopoeia Commission, European Pharmacopoeia EP 5.1.3, 1997; U.S. Pharmacopeia General Chapters:<51> ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTIVENESS TESTING. Rockville, MD:U.S. Pharmacopeia, USP USP28-NF23, 2005). Bioresistance testiong (Standard Practice for Evaluating Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluid Bioresistance and Antimicrobial Pesticide. West Conshohocken, PA:ASTM International;ASTM Standard Test Method E 2275-03E01;Antimicrobial products - Test for antimicrobial activity and efficacy. Tokyo, Japan:Japanese Standards Association, JIS Z 2801, 2000 ). Detection and MPN technique (Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs-- Horizontal method for the enumeration of coagulase-positive staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and other species)--Part3: Detection and MPN technique for low numbers. Geneva (Switzerland):International Organization for Standardization/ANSI;ISO ISO 6888-3:2003; Cosmetics --- Microbiology --- Detection of Escherichia coli. London, UK:British Standards Institution, British Standard BS ISO 21150:2006; Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs --- Horizontal method for the determination of low numbers of presumptive Bacillus cereus --- Most probable number technique and detection method. London, UK:British Standards Institution, British Standard BS EN ISO 21871:2006). Efficacy testing (Cosmetics - Microbiology - Enumeration and detection of aerobic mesophilic bacteria. London, UK:British Standards Institution, British Standard BS ISO 21149:2006; Efficacy of Preservation on Non-Eye Area Water-Miscible Cosmetic and Toiletry Formaulations. Gaithersburg, MD:AOAC International;AOAC "Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International" 998.10; Preservatives-effectiveness test. Tokyo, Japan:Japanese Pharmacopoeia, JP JP14e.part II.12.). Media testing (British Pharmacopoeia Commission Tests for microbial contamination. London, UK:British Pharmacopoeia Commission, British Pharmacopoeia Appendix XVI B, 2003; European Pharmacopoeia Commission Microbial contamination of products not required to comply with the test for sterility (total viable aerobic count). Strasbourg, France:European Pharmacopoeia Commission, European Pharmacopoeia EP 2.6.12, 1997; European Pharmacopoeia Commission Microbial contamination of products not required to comply with the test for sterility (tests for specified micro-organisms). Nutritive and selective properties of the media and validity of the test for specified micro-organisms. Strasbourg, France:European Pharmacopoeia Commission, European Pharmacopoeia EP 2.6.13, 1997; .S. Pharmacopeia Dietary Supplement Chapters: <2021> MICROBIAL ENUMERATION TESTS-NUTRITIONAL AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS . Rockville, MD:U.S. Pharmacopeia, USP USP28-NF23, 2005; Food microbiology. Method 12.3: Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs -- Horizontal method for the enumeration of coagulase-positive staphylococci (Staphyloccus aureus and other species)--Detection and MPN technique for low numbers. Sydney, NSW, Australia:Standards Australia;Standards Australia AS 5013.12.3:2004; Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs--Guidelines on preparation and production of culture media-- Part 2: Practical guidelines on performance testing of culture media.. Geneva (Switzerland):International Organization for Standardization/ANSI;ISO ISO 11133-2:2003;Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs --- Guidelines on preparation and production of culture media --- Part 2: Practical guidelines on performance testing of culture media - Annex B: Recommended test microorganisms for commonly used culture media. London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard DD CEN ISO/TS 11133:2003). Preparatory test control (U.S. Pharmacopeia Dietary Supplement Chapters: <2021> MICROBIAL ENUMERATION TESTS-NUTRITIONAL AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS . Rockville, MD:U.S. Pharmacopeia, USP USP28-NF23, 2005). Quality control strain (Applied Biosystems, MicroSeq Pharmaceutical Validation Panel). Efficacy of contact lens care products (Ophthalmic optics--Contact lens care products--Antimicrobial preservative efficacy testing and guidance on determining discard date. Geneva (Switzerland):International Organization for Standardization/ANSI;ISO ISO 14730:2000). Testing antimicrobial handwashing formulations (Fendler EJ, et al. Antimicrobial cleansing composition containing chlorhexidine, an amphoteric surfactant, and an alkyl polyglucoside. US Patent 5,719,113 dated Feb 17 1998). Reduction of dehydroascorbic acid (J Biol Chem 1941, 141: 853)

Susceptibility testing (J. Clin. Microbiol. 30: 961-966, 1992. PubMed: 1572984, J. Clin. Microbiol. 34: 10-14, 1996. PubMed: 8748262, J.Med. Microbiol. 57: 171-178, 2008. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests; Approved Standard - 9th Edition. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI M2-A9. Protocols for Evaluating Dehydrated Mueller-Hinton Agar; Approved Standard. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI M6-A2. Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard - 7th Edition. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI M7-A8. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals; Approved Standard - 2nd Edition. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI M31-A3. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Sixteenth Informational Supplement. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI M100-S20, 2007.Methods for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria Isolated from Aquatic Animals. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI M42-A. Evaluation of Lots of Dehydrated Mueller-Hinton Broth for Antimicrobial Susceptibility testing; Proposed Guideline. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI M32-P. Methods for Antimicrobial Dilution and Disk susceptibility Testing of Infrequently Isolated or Fastidious Bacteria: Proposed Guideline. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI M45-A. Methods for Broth Dilution Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria Isolated from Aquatic Animals. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI M49-A. Clinical laboratory testing and in vitro diagnostic test systems --- Susceptibility testing of infectious agents and evaluation of performance of antimicrobial susceptibility test devices --- Part 1: Reference method for testing the in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against rapidly growing aerobic bacteria involved in infectious diseases. London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN ISO 20776-1:2006.