Reference strains

Efficacy of Preservation on Non-Eye Area Water-Miscible Cosmetic and Toiletry Formaulations. Gaithersburg, MD:AOAC International;AOAC "Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International" 998.10. U.S. Pharmacopeia General Chapters: <60> Microbiological Examination of Nonsterile Products Tests for Burkholderia Cepacia Complex. 

Susceptibility disc testing (Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests; Approved Standard - 9th Edition. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI M2-A9. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals; Approved Standard - 2nd Edition. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI M31-A3. Methods for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria Isolated from Aquatic Animals. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI M42-A.). Antibacterial susceptibility testing (Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard - 7th Edition. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI M7-A8.). Evaluation of Mueller-Hinton agar (Protocols for Evaluating Dehydrated Mueller-Hinton Agar; Approved Standard. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI M6-A2.)

Detection of coliphages (9224 B: Somatic Coliphages Assay. Washington, DC:American Public Health Association;Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 2005 APHA9224 - Detection of Coliphages). Water testing (Physical Removal of Microbial Contamination Agents in Drinking Water. Washington, DC:Environmental Protection Agency;EPA EPA NSF 04/12/EPADWCTR, 2004; EPA NSF 04/13/EPADWCTR, 2004; EPA NSF 04/14/EPADWCTR, 2004). Enumeration of bacteriophages in water (Water quality --- Detection and enumeration of bacteriophages --- Part 2: Enumeration of somatic coliphages [BS EN ISO 10705-2:2001]. London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS 6068-4.13:2000., Standard Test Method for Low Levels of Coliphages in Water. West Conshohocken, PA:ASTM International;ASTM Standard Test Method D 6734-01.) Testing Resistance of Materials (lothing for protection against contact with blood and body fluids--Determination of resistance of protective clothing materials to penetration by bloodborne pathogens--Test method using oX174 bacteriophage. Geneva (Switzerland):International Organization for Standardization/ANSI;ISO ISO 16604:2004., Standard Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protetive Clothing to Penetration by Blood-borne Pathogens Using Phi-X174 Bateriophage Penetration as a Test System. West Conshohocken, PA:ASTM International;ASTM Standard Test Method F 1671-07.)

Susceptibility disk testing (Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests; Approved Standard - 9th Edition. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI M02. Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria that Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard - 7th Edition. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI M07. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals; Approved Standard - 2nd Edition. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI M31. Evaluation of Lots of Dehydrated Mueller-Hinton Broth for Antimicrobial Susceptibility testing; Proposed Guideline. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI M32-P. Methods for Antimicrobial Dilution and Disk susceptibility Testing of Infrequently Isolated or Fastidious Bacteria: Proposed Guideline. Wayne, PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; CLSI M45-A). Quality control strain (ISO/CD 11133:2009, Annex E. Test microorganisms for commonly used culture media (giving information on the culture medium, culture conditions, test microorganisms, culture collection number of test organisms and the expected reactions))

Isolation (Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1970, 174: 488-502; PubMed: 5278130).
Media testing (Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs--Guidelines on preparation and production of culture media-- Part 2: Practical guidelines on performance testing of culture media.. Geneva (Switzerland):International Organization for Standardization/ANSI;ISO ISO 11133-2:2003. Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs --- Guidelines on preparation and production of culture media --- Part 2: Practical guidelines on performance testing of culture media - Annex B: Recommended test microorganisms for commonly used culture media. London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard DD CEN ISO/TS 11133:2003. ISO/CD 11133:2009, Annex E. Test microorganisms for commonly used culture media (giving information on the culture medium, culture conditions, test microorganisms, culture collection number of test organisms and the expected reactions. Corry, JEL, Curtis, GDW and Baird, RM (Eds) Handbook of Culture Media for Food and Water Microbiology. Royal Society of Chemistry, In preparation. ICFMH-WPCM.)

Taxonomy:
Farmer, J. J., Asbury, M. A., Hickman, F. W., Brenner, D. J., Enterobacter sakazakii: a new species of "Enterobacteriaceae" isolated from clinical specimens. Int.J.Syst.Bacteriol. 1980, 30 : 569-584.
Iversen, C., Lehner, A., Mullane, N., Bidlas, E., Cleenwerck, I., Marugg, J., Fanning, S., Stephan, R., Joosten, H. The taxonomy of Enterobacter sakazakii: proposal of a new genus Cronobacter gen. nov. and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus subspec. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dubliensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter genomospecies I. BMC Evol.Biol. 2007, 7 : 64 .
Iversen, C., Mullane, N., McCardell, B., Tall, B. D., Lehner, A., Fanning, S., Stephan, R., Joosten, H. Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov., comb. nov., Cronobacter malonaticus sp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov., Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov. and Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov.. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2008, 58 (6): 1442-1447
Cai, X. Q., Yu, H. Q., Ruan, Z. X., Yang, L. L., Bai, J. S., Qiu, D. Y., Jian, Z. H., Xiao, Y. Q., Yang, J. Y., Le, T. H., Zhu, X. Q. Rapid detection and simultaneous genotyping of Cronobacter spp. (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) in powdered infant formula using real-time PCR and high resolution melting (HRM) analysis. 2013, PLoS One 8 (6): e67082

Taxonomy/description (J Appl Bacteriol 1977, 43: 375-389). Metabolism of amino acids (J Gen Microbiol 1971, 67:47-56). Sterlity testing (British Pharmacopoeia Commission Test for sterility, British Pharmacopoeia Appendix XVI A, 2003; European Pharmacopoeia Commission Sterility, European Pharmacopoeia EP 2.6.1, 1997; U.S. Pharmacopeia General Chapters: <71> STERILITY TESTS, USP28-NF23, 2005; U.S. Pharmacopeia General Chapters:<62> Microbiological Examination of Nonsterile Products: Tests for Specified Microorganisms. Rockville, MD USP32-NF27, 2005). Media testing (ISO/CD 11133:2009, Annex E. Test microorganisms for commonly used culture media (giving information on the culture medium, culture conditions, test microorganisms, culture collection number of test organisms and the expected reactions); British Pharmacopoeia Commission Tests for microbial contamination, British Pharmacopoeia Appendix XVI B, 2003; European Pharmacopoeia EP 2.6.13, 1997; Corry, JEL, Curtis, GDW and Baird, RM (Eds) Handbook of Culture Media for Food and Water Microbiology. Royal Society of Chemistry, In preparation. ICFMH-WPCM). Quality control strain (API Rapid ID 32 A. bioMerieux)

Antibiotic assays (European Pharmacopoeia Commission Microbiological assay of antibiotics. Strasbourg, France:European Pharmacopoeia Commission;European Pharmacopoeia EP 2.7.2, 1997; British Pharmacopoeia Commission Biological assay of antibiotics. London, UK:British Pharmacopoeia Commission;British Pharmacopoeia Appendix XIV A, 2003; U.S. Pharmacopeia General Chapters; <81> Antibiotics-Microbial Assays. Rockville, MD: U.S. Pharmacopeia; USP USP34-NF29, 2011.) Tetracyclin assay (U.S. Pharmacopeia USP Monographs: Tetracycline Hydrochloride and Novobiocin Sodium Tablets. Rockville, MD: U.S. Pharmacopeia; USP USP34-NF29, 2011). Disinfectants assays (Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics --- Quantitative suspension test for the evaluation of bactericidal activity of chemical disinfectants and antiseptics used in food, industrial, domestic and institutional areas --- Test method and requirements (phase 2, step 1). London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN 1276:1997, 1997; Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics - Preservation of test organisms used for the determination of bactericidal, sporicidal and fungicidal activity. London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN 12353:2006, Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics --- Quantitative non-porous surface test for the evaluation of bactericidal and/or fungicidal activity of chemical disinfectants used in food, industrial, domestic and institutional areas --- Test method and requirements without mechanical action (phase 2/step 2). London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN 13697:2001.; Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics --- Application of European Standards for chemical disinfectants and antiseptics. London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN 14885:2006). Cleanroom biocontamination control (Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments--Biocontamination control--Part 1: General principles and methods. Geneva (Switzerland):International Organization for Standardization/ANSI;ISO ISO 14698-1:2003.; Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments --- Biocontamination control --- Part 1: General principles and methods. London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN ISO 14698:2003). Sterility testing (Bowman FW, et al. Collaborative study of aerobic media for sterility testing by membrane filtration. J. Pharm. Sci. 60: 1087-1088, 1971. PubMed: 5000479)

Efficacy testing (Standard Quantitative Carrier Test Method to Evaluate the Bactericidal, Fungicidal, Mycobactericidal, and Sporicidal Potencies of Liquid Chemical Microbicides. West Conshohocken, PA:ASTM International, ASTM Standard Test Method E 2111-05; Standard Test Method for Determining the Acivity of Incorporated Antimicrobial Agent(s) In Polymeric or Hydrophobic Materials . West Conshohocken, PA:ASTM International, ASTM Standard Test Method E 2180-01; Standard Quantitative Disk Carrier Test Method for Determining the Bactericidal, Virucidal, Fungicidal, Mycobactericidal and Sporicidal Activities of Liquid Chemical Germicides. West Conshohocken, PA:ASTM International, ASTM Standard Test Method E 2197-02; Carpet Sanitizers. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency, EPA EPA DIS/TSS-8, 1981). Testing antimicrobial agent (Standard Practice for Evaluation of Pre-saturated or Impregnated Towelettes for Hard Surface Disinfection . West Conshohocken, PA:ASTM International, ASTM Standard Test Method E 2362-04). Testing antimicrobial handwashing formulations (US Patent 5,719,113 dated Feb 17 1998). Testing disinfectants (AOAC International Testing disinfectants against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, phenol coefficient method. Gaithersburg, MD:AOAC International, AOAC "Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International" 955.13; AOAC International Testing disinfectants against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, hard surface carrier test method. Gaithersburg, MD:AOAC International, AOAC "Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International" 991.49; US General Services Administration Disinfectant-detergent, general purpose (phenolic type). Washington, DC:US General Services Administration, Commercial Item Description A-A-1439A, 1998; US General Services Administration Disinfectant-detergent, general purpose (iodophor). Washington, DC:US General Services Administration, Commercial Item Description A-A-1440, 1981; US General Services Administration Disinfectant, general purpose (quaternary ammonium compound). Washington, DC:US General Services Administration, Commercial Item Description A-A-1441B, 2005; AOAC International Germicidal spray products as disinfectants. Gaithersburg, MD:AOAC International, AOAC "Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International" 961.02; Testing Disinfectants against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Use-Dilution Method. Gaithersburg, MD:AOAC International, AOAC "Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International" 964.02; Disinfectants for Use on Hard Surfaces. Washington, DC:Environmental Protection Agency, EPA EPA DIS/TSS-1, 1982; Confimatory Efficacy Data Requirements. Washington, DC:Environmental Protection Agency, EPA EPA DIS/TSS-5, 1982; Air Sanitizers. Washington, DC:Environmental Protection Agency, EPA EPA DIS/TSS-11, 1980; Laundry Additives--Disinfection and Saitization. Washington, DC:Environmental Protection Agency, EPA EPA DIS/TSS-13, 1980; Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Laundry Sanitizers and Disinfectants. West Conshohocken, PA:ASTM International, ASTM Standard Test Method E 2274-03; Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Laundry Sanitizers and Disinfectants for Use in High Efficiency Washing Operations . West Conshohocken, PA:ASTM International, ASTM Standard Test Method E 2406-04). Testing slimicide (Standard Test Method for Efficacy of Slimicides for the Paper Industry-Bacterial and Fungal Slime. West Conshohocken, PA:ASTM International, ASTM Standard Test Method E 1839-07;Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Laundry Sanitizers and Disinfectants. West Conshohocken, PA:ASTM International, ASTM Standard Test Method E 2274-03). Testing bactericides (Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics --- Quantitative suspension test for the evaluation of bactericidal activity of chemical disinfectants and antiseptics used in food, industrial, domestic and institutional areas --- Test method and requirements (phase 2, step 1). London, UK:British Standards Institution, British Standard BS EN 1276:1997, 1997; Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics - Quantitative suspension test for the evaluation of basic bactericidal activity of chemical disinfectants and antiseptics - Test method and requirements (Phase 1). London, UK:British Standards Institution, British Standard BS EN 1040:2005, 2005; Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics. Quantitative suspension test for the evaluation of bactericidal activity of chemical disinfectants for instruments used in the medical area. Test method and requirements (Phase 2/Step 1) . London, UK:British Standards Institution, British Standard BS EN 13727:2003; Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics - Preservation of test organisms used for the determination of bactericidal, sporicidal and fungicidal activity. London, UK:British Standards Institution, British Standard BS EN 12353:2006; Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics --- Quantitative non-porous surface test for the evaluation of bactericidal and/or fungicidal activity of chemical disinfectants used in food, industrial, domestic and institutional areas --- Test method and requirements without mechanical action (phase 2/step 2). London, UK:British Standards Institution, British Standard BS EN 13697:2001; Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics --- Quantitative carrier test for the evaluation of bactericidal activity for instruments used in the medical area --- Test method and requirements (phase 2, step 2). London, UK:British Standards Institution, British Standard BS EN 14561:2006; Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics --- Quantitative surface test for the evaluation of bactericidal activity of chemical disinfectants and antiseptics used in veterinary area on non-porous surfaces without mechanical action --- Test method and requirements (phase 2, step 2). London, UK:British Standards Institution, British Standard Draft BS EN 14349, 2006; Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics --- Application of European Standards for chemical disinfectants and antiseptics. London, UK:British Standards Institution, British Standard BS EN 14885:2006