Species of the lichen family Cladoniaceae have been studied intensively in many parts of the world, in recent times increasingly with molecular methods. The Asian species are fairly well studied largely thanks to the Japanese master lichenologist and phytochemist Yasuhiko Asahina and his pupils and followers. However, the species in parts of Asia and especially Southeast Asia are still very insufficiently known. Some species groups are poorly understood throughout the world. Recent progress in molecular taxonomy has clarified some of the problems (e.g., Stenroos et al. 2002, 2015), but also created new, sometimes unexpected problems. Our recent (unpubl.) phylogenetic analyses of the Cladoniaceae using DNA sequence data have included material from little known areas. Some specimens have turned out to represent unnamed species. Some new Asian taxa, overlooked or misidentified by earlier authors, are described below. They all have morphological and chemical characters, which can allow their identification without molecular analyses. Some other species are treated because of changes discovered in their taxonomic status or known distribution.